Cancer Overview — Causes, Classification and Modern Treatment Approaches
July 13, 2026
A basic understanding of cancer: how cancer cells form, risk factors, tissue-origin classification and modern treatment approaches including immunotherapy and CAR-T.
What is Cancer?
Cancer is a group of diseases characterised by abnormal, uncontrolled cell proliferation — caused by accumulated DNA mutations over many years. Cancer cells can invade surrounding tissue and spread via blood or lymphatic pathways to distant organs.
Causes and Risk Factors
Gene mutations may result from: environmental factors (smoking, radiation, chemicals), viruses (HPV with cervical cancer, HBV/HCV with liver cancer), lifestyle factors (obesity, physical inactivity, alcohol), family history and ageing.
Classification by Tissue Origin
- Carcinoma: from epithelial cells (lung, breast, colorectal, prostate, ovarian cancer)
- Sarcoma: from connective tissue (bone, muscle, fat)
- Leukaemia/Lymphoma: from blood cells and lymph nodes
- Melanoma: from skin pigment cells
Modern Treatment Approaches
Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy (Proton, BNCT, Gyro Knife), targeted therapy (TKI, monoclonal antibodies), immunotherapy (PD-1/PD-L1, CAR-T) and multimodal combinations. The current trend: personalised protocols based on tumour genomic profiling (precision oncology).
HomeMed's Role
HomeMed connects Vietnamese patients with leading Chinese oncology centres applying precision oncology — NGS genetic testing and protocol selection tailored to each patient.
Disclaimer
Information is for reference only. Diagnosis and treatment must be performed by qualified specialist physicians.
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